Malakula
Languages of Malakula
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Note that the spelling of language names in this map may not be the same as in the body of the text.
Atchin
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Northeast
Malekula
Nale
Reading:
Capell,
A. 1935. Grammatical categories in the New Hebrides (A preliminary
study of linguistic psychology in Malekula). BSOAS 8,1:189-202 * A
discussion of some grammatical
categories in Atchin, showing that conceptions of "time" and "object"
are quite different in that language than in European languages.
Capell,
A. & J. Layard 1980. Materials in Atchin,
Malekula: grammar, vocabulary and texts. Canberra: PL, D20.
v + 260pp * A sketch grammar, and some lexical and textual data in Atchin; some
linguists have commented on the difficulty of using this work for comparative
purposes.
Aulua
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
14 (Aulua, Burmbar)
Benelang, Boinelang
Reading:
Ray,
Sidney H. 1893. Sketch of Aulua grammar with vocabularies
of Aulua and Lamangkau, Malekula, New Hebrides. Journal of the Anthropological
Institute 22:386-397.
Ray, Sidney H. 1926. A
comparative study of the Melanesian island languages. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press; pp.273-283.
Axamb
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Southeast
Malekula
Ahamb,
Limilandr
Big Nambas
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group 10 (Big Nambas,
Maragus)
Reading:
Corlette, E.A.C. 1947. Langue des Big-Nambas: le
Mallicolo (Nouvelles-Hébrides). Journal de la Société des Océanistes
3,3:57-92.
Fox, G.J. 1979. Big Nambas grammar.
Canberra: PL, B-60 * A quite detailed outline of the phonology, morphology
and syntax of this interesting language, with a number of texts. xii
+ 139pp.
Fox, Helen
F/c. An honorific sub-dialect used among Big Nambas women. In John Lynch
& Fa'afo Pat (eds.), Oceanic studies: Proceedings of the First International
Conference on Oceanic Linguistics. Canberra: PL * Looks
at lexical avoidance by women when addressing members of their husbands' family.
Burmbar
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
14 (Aulua, Burmbar)
Banan Bay,
Vartabo
Dixon Reef
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Small Nambas
Katbol
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
12 (Lingarak,
Katbol)
Bangasa, Grass Skirt, Nevaar, Nevat, Timbembe
Labo
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Southwest
Malekula
Meaun, Mewun, Ninde
Reading:
Ray,
Sidney H. 1926. A comparative study of the Melanesian island languages.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; pp.293-302.
Larevat
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
11 (Larevat, Vinmavis, Litzlitz)Other names: Laravat
Letemboi
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Small
Nambas
South Small Nambas
Lingarak
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
12 (Lingarak, Katbol)
Bushman's Bay, Mindu, Wuli
Litzlitz
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
11 (Larevat, Vinmavis, Litzlitz)
Other names: Lagalag, Lolnarrong,
Netensal, Port Stanley
Malfaxal
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Southwest
Malekula
Milip, Nakahai, Orierh, Toman
Malua Bay
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
9 (Malua Bay Mae)
Espiegle Bay, Middle Nambas
Maragus
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
10 (Big Nambas, Maragus)
Other names: Maragaus, Tobah
Maskelynes
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Southeast
Malekula
Kuliviu
Reading:
Ray, Sidney H. 1926. A comparative
study of the Melanesian island languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press; pp.266-273.
Mpotovoro
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Northeast
Malekula
Nasarian
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: ?Small Nambas
Port
Sandwich
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Southeast Malekula
Other names: Lamap
Reading:
Charpentier,
Jean-Michel 1979. La langue de Port-Sandwich (Nouvelles-Hébrides).
Paris: SELAF
[Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale 34] * A detailed phonological,
morphological and syntactic description.
Charpentier, Jean-Michel
1991. Port Sandwich. In Darrell T. Tryon (ed.), Comparative
Austronesian dictionary: An introduction to Austronesian studies. Berlin:
Mouton de Gruyter; pp.827-834.
Repanbitip
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Small
Nambas
Repanbitipmbangir
Rerep
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language:
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
13 (Rerep, Unua)
Other names: Pangkumu,
Tisman
Reading:
Morton, A. 1891. [Grammar of Pangkumu-Malekula].
In D. MacDonald (ed.), South Sea languages: A series of studies on the
languages of the New Hebrides and other South Sea islands, vol. 2: Tangoan-Santo,
Malo, Malekula, Epi (Baki and Bierian), Tanna, and Futuna. Melbourne:
Trustees of the Public Library, Museums, and National Gallery of Victoria; pp.34-72.
South-West
Bay
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Southwest Malekula
Other names: Lamangkau,
Nahapa, Seniang,
Sinesip
Reading:
Ray, Sidney H. 1893. Sketch of Aulua grammar
with vocabularies of Aulua and Lamangkau, Malekula, New Hebrides. Journal
of the Anthropological Institute 22:386-397.
Ray, Sidney H.
1926. A comparative study of the Melanesian island languages.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; pp.302-311.
Unua
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
13 (Rerep, Unua)
Onua
Uripiv-Wala-Rano
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Northeast
Malekula
Reading:
McKerras, Ross 1988. Singular, dual or plural.
Notes on Translation 2,1:53-56 * Discusses number in Uripiv.
McKerras,
Ross F/c. Borrowings in Uripiv. In John Lynch & Fa'afo
Pat (eds.), Oceanic studies: Proceedings of the First International
Conference on Oceanic Linguistics. Canberra, PL * Discusses
the nature of borrowings in Uripiv, looking at grammatical changes taking place
in the language as a result of
these borrowings, as well as some "unnecessary" borrowings.
Ray,
Sidney H. 1926. A comparative study of the Melanesian island
languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; pp.284-293.
Vao
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Northeast
Malekula
Fooa
Vinmavis
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Group
11 (Larevat, Vinmavis, Litzlitz)
Other names: Banggor, Lambumbu, Telag,
Winiv
Vovo
Island name: Malakula
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Northeast Malekula
Other names: Wowo